What is a Normal Blood Sugar Level? A Chart for All Ages

18 Sep 2025 By Michael S. Underhill, D.O.

What is a Normal Blood Sugar Level? A Chart for All Ages

Maintaining a normal blood sugar level is crucial for overall health and well-being. Whether you're managing diabetes, monitoring your health, or simply curious, understanding normal blood sugar ranges can help you take proactive steps to keep your body functioning optimally. This article delves into the intricacies of blood sugar levels, providing a comprehensive chart for all ages and addressing factors that influence these levels.

Blood sugar, or glucose, is the main sugar found in your blood and your body's primary source of energy. It comes from the food you eat. Your body regulates blood sugar levels through insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Imbalances in blood sugar can lead to a variety of health issues, including diabetes. Therefore, regular monitoring and maintenance of healthy blood sugar levels are essential.

Why Blood Sugar Levels Matter

Understanding normal glucose levels is more than just an abstract concept. Consistently high or low blood sugar can lead to serious health complications:

Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Can lead to conditions such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, nerve damage (neuropathy), and vision problems.
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Can cause shakiness, sweating, anxiety, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or loss of consciousness.

By knowing what constitutes a normal blood glucose level and regularly monitoring your own levels, you can detect potential issues early and take steps to manage them, ensuring better long-term health.

Normal Blood Sugar Levels: A Comprehensive Chart for All Ages

Blood sugar levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). These levels can vary based on when you test, such as fasting (before eating) or after eating. Here's a detailed chart outlining the ideal blood sugar levels for different age groups and conditions.

Blood Sugar Level Chart for Non-Diabetics

The following table outlines normal blood sugar levels for individuals without diabetes:

| Condition | Normal Range (mg/dL) | | ------------------------- | ---------------------- | | Fasting Blood Sugar | 70 - 99 | | 2 Hours After Eating | Less than 140 |

Blood Sugar Level Chart for People with Diabetes

Maintaining target blood sugar levels is essential for people with diabetes. The following table provides general guidelines; however, individual targets may vary based on your healthcare provider's recommendations: Blood Sugar Support Supplements What Actually Works According To Science

| Condition | Target Range (mg/dL) | | ------------------------- | ---------------------- | | Fasting Blood Sugar | 80 - 130 | | 2 Hours After Eating | Less than 180 |

Blood Sugar Levels in Children

Children's healthy glucose levels are similar to those of adults, but it's always best to consult with a pediatrician for personalized advice: Your Action Plan To Lower Your A1C A Guide For Persons With Diabetes

| Age Group | Fasting Blood Sugar (mg/dL) | 2 Hours After Eating (mg/dL) | | --------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------- | | Under 6 Years | 80 - 200 | Less than 200 | | 6-12 Years | 80 - 180 | Less than 180 | | 13-19 Years | 70 - 150 | Less than 140 |

Blood Sugar Levels During Pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes)

For pregnant women with gestational diabetes, maintaining stable pregnancy blood sugar levels is critical for both maternal and fetal health:

| Condition | Target Range (mg/dL) | | ------------------------- | ---------------------- | | Fasting Blood Sugar | Less than 95 | | 1 Hour After Eating | Less than 140 | | 2 Hours After Eating | Less than 120 |

Notes on the Blood Sugar Level Charts:

Fasting blood sugar is typically measured first thing in the morning before you eat or drink anything.
Postprandial (after-meal) blood sugar is measured 1-2 hours after you start eating.
These charts provide general guidelines. Your doctor may recommend different target ranges based on your individual health condition.

Factors That Influence Blood Sugar Levels

Numerous factors can affect blood sugar levels, leading to fluctuations throughout the day. Being aware of these factors can help you better manage your glucose levels and make informed lifestyle choices.

Diet and Nutrition

What you eat has a direct and significant impact on your blood sugar. Foods high in carbohydrates break down into glucose, raising blood sugar levels.

High-Glycemic Foods: White bread, sugary drinks, and processed snacks can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar.
Low-Glycemic Foods: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins provide a more gradual release of glucose, helping to stabilize blood sugar.

Example: Replacing a sugary soda with a glass of water or switching from white rice to brown rice can lead to more stable blood sugar levels.

Physical Activity

Exercise is a powerful tool for managing blood sugar. When you exercise, your muscles use glucose for energy, which helps lower blood sugar levels. Additionally, exercise improves insulin sensitivity, allowing your body to use insulin more effectively.

Aerobic Exercise: Activities like walking, running, and swimming can lower blood sugar levels.
Strength Training: Building muscle mass increases glucose uptake, helping to regulate blood sugar over time.

Example: A brisk 30-minute walk after a meal can help prevent post-meal blood sugar spikes.

Stress

Stress can have a significant impact on blood glucose levels. When you're stressed, your body releases hormones like cortisol and adrenaline, which can raise blood sugar.

Chronic Stress: Long-term stress can lead to consistently elevated blood sugar levels.
Acute Stress: Even short-term stressors can temporarily increase blood sugar.

Example: Practicing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga can help manage stress and stabilize blood sugar.

Medications

Certain medications can affect blood sugar levels, either raising or lowering them.

Medications That Raise Blood Sugar: Steroids, certain diuretics, and some antidepressants.
Medications That Lower Blood Sugar: Insulin and oral diabetes medications.

Example: If you're taking medications that can affect blood sugar, it's essential to monitor your levels closely and work with your healthcare provider to adjust your medication as needed.

Illness

Illness can affect normal glucose levels. When you're sick, your body releases hormones to fight the illness, which can raise blood sugar. Additionally, you may not be eating or drinking as much as usual, which can also affect blood sugar levels.

Infections: Infections can increase blood sugar levels.
Fever: A fever can also raise blood sugar.

Example: If you have diabetes and you're sick, check your blood sugar more frequently and stay hydrated. Contact your doctor if you have any concerns.

Sleep

Lack of sleep can disrupt blood sugar regulation. Poor sleep can lead to insulin resistance, making it harder for your body to use insulin effectively. A Complete Guide To Blood Sugar Balance For Persons With Type 2 Diabetes

Sleep Deprivation: Not getting enough sleep can raise blood sugar levels.
Irregular Sleep Schedule: Having an inconsistent sleep schedule can also affect blood sugar.

Example: Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night to help stabilize your blood sugar levels.

Other Factors

Dehydration: Not drinking enough water can concentrate glucose in your blood, raising blood sugar levels.
Hormonal Changes: Fluctuations in hormones, such as during menstruation or menopause, can affect blood sugar.
Age: As you age, your body may become less efficient at regulating blood sugar.

How to Monitor Your Blood Sugar Levels

Regular blood sugar monitoring is a key component of diabetes management and can also be beneficial for those looking to maintain overall health. There are several methods for monitoring your blood sugar:

Blood Glucose Meter (Glucometer)

A glucometer is a portable device used to measure blood sugar levels. It involves pricking your finger with a lancet to obtain a small blood sample, which is then applied to a test strip inserted into the meter.

Steps for Using a Glucometer:

Wash Your Hands: Thoroughly wash and dry your hands.
Prepare the Meter and Test Strip: Insert a test strip into the glucometer.
Prick Your Finger: Use a lancet to prick the side of your fingertip.
Apply Blood Sample: Gently squeeze a drop of blood onto the test strip.
Read the Results: The glucometer will display your blood sugar level within seconds.
Record the Result: Keep a log of your blood sugar readings.

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

A CGM is a device that continuously monitors your blood sugar levels throughout the day and night. A small sensor is inserted under your skin, which measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid. The sensor transmits data to a receiver or smartphone app, providing real-time blood sugar readings and trends.

Benefits of CGM:

Continuous Monitoring: Provides a more complete picture of your blood sugar levels.
Alerts and Alarms: Can alert you when your blood sugar is too high or too low.
Trend Tracking: Helps you identify patterns and make informed decisions about your diet, exercise, and medication.

A1C Test

The A1C test is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. It provides a long-term view of your blood sugar control.

Interpreting A1C Results:

Normal: Below 5.7%
Prediabetes: 5.7% to 6.4%
Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

Tips for Accurate Blood Sugar Monitoring

Follow Instructions: Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for your glucometer or CGM.
Use Correct Test Strips: Ensure that you're using the correct test strips for your meter and that they are not expired.
Calibrate Your Meter: Calibrate your glucometer regularly using a control solution.
Keep a Log: Record your blood sugar readings, along with any relevant information such as meals, exercise, and medications.
Consult Your Healthcare Provider: Discuss your blood sugar monitoring results with your doctor or diabetes educator.

Maintaining Healthy Blood Sugar Levels: Practical Strategies

Maintaining stable blood sugar levels requires a comprehensive approach that includes dietary changes, regular physical activity, stress management, and medication (if prescribed).

Dietary Recommendations

Choose Low-Glycemic Foods: Opt for whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins that release glucose slowly.
- Examples: Brown rice, quinoa, sweet potatoes, berries, leafy greens, chicken, fish, and beans.
Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Avoid sugary sodas, processed snacks, and desserts that can cause rapid blood sugar spikes.
- Alternatives: Water, unsweetened tea, fruits, and sugar-free snacks.
Eat Regular Meals: Eating consistent meals throughout the day helps to stabilize blood sugar levels.
- Tips: Plan your meals and snacks in advance and avoid skipping meals.
Control Portion Sizes: Overeating can lead to high blood sugar levels.
- Strategies: Use smaller plates, measure your portions, and eat slowly.
Increase Fiber Intake: Fiber slows down the absorption of glucose, helping to stabilize blood sugar levels.
- Sources: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes.

Exercise Guidelines

Aim for Regular Physical Activity: Get at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise each week.
- Activities: Walking, running, swimming, cycling, and dancing.
Incorporate Strength Training: Strength training can improve insulin sensitivity and help regulate blood sugar levels.
- Exercises: Lifting weights, using resistance bands, and doing bodyweight exercises.
Monitor Blood Sugar Before and After Exercise: Check your blood sugar levels before, during, and after exercise to see how your body responds.
- Precautions: If your blood sugar is low before exercise, have a small snack to prevent hypoglycemia.
Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water before, during, and after exercise.
- Benefits: Staying hydrated helps regulate blood sugar and prevents dehydration.

Stress Management Techniques

Practice Relaxation Techniques: Deep breathing, meditation, and yoga can help manage stress and stabilize blood sugar levels.
- Methods: Find a quiet space, close your eyes, and focus on your breath.
Get Enough Sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night.
- Tips: Establish a consistent sleep schedule and create a relaxing bedtime routine.
Engage in Hobbies: Spending time doing activities you enjoy can help reduce stress.
- Examples: Reading, gardening, painting, and listening to music.
Seek Social Support: Connect with friends and family for support and encouragement.
- Resources: Join a support group or talk to a therapist.

Medication Management

Follow Your Doctor's Instructions: Take your medications as prescribed and monitor your blood sugar levels regularly.
- Adherence: Do not change your medication without talking to your doctor.
Be Aware of Side Effects: Know the potential side effects of your medications and report any concerns to your doctor.
- Information: Read the medication label and ask your pharmacist for more information.
Carry Medical Identification: Wear a medical ID bracelet or necklace to alert healthcare providers to your condition.
- Details: Include information about your diabetes and any medications you're taking.

Regular Check-Ups

Schedule Regular Appointments: Visit your doctor or diabetes educator for regular check-ups.
- Frequency: Follow your doctor's recommendations for check-up frequency.
Monitor Your Health: Keep track of your blood sugar levels, weight, and other health indicators.
- Tools: Use a journal, app, or spreadsheet to record your health data.

In conclusion, understanding and maintaining normal blood sugar levels is vital for overall health. By using the blood sugar level chart provided and implementing the practical strategies discussed, you can take proactive steps to manage your blood sugar effectively. Whether you have diabetes or are simply aiming to improve your health, these guidelines can help you make informed decisions and achieve better health outcomes.