Normal Blood Sugar Chart: Target Ranges for Every Age

17 Sep 2025 By Lesley L. Williams, M.D.

Normal Blood Sugar Chart: Target Ranges for Every Age

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels is crucial for overall well-being, regardless of age. Blood sugar, or glucose, is the primary source of energy for our bodies, and keeping it within a target range ensures that our organs and systems function properly. Understanding what constitutes a normal blood sugar range at different life stages is the first step in managing and preventing diabetes and other related health conditions.

This article provides a detailed blood sugar chart for different age groups, explaining what levels are considered normal, what the implications of abnormal levels are, and what steps can be taken to maintain healthy glucose levels. Whether you're monitoring your own blood sugar or caring for a loved one, this guide offers practical insights and actionable advice.

Understanding Blood Sugar: Basics and Importance

Before delving into specific ranges, it's important to grasp the basics of blood sugar. Glucose comes from the food we eat, and it's transported through the bloodstream to provide energy to cells. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps glucose enter cells. When insulin is insufficient or the body becomes resistant to it, blood sugar levels can rise, leading to a condition known as hyperglycemia. Conversely, when blood sugar levels drop too low, it results in hypoglycemia.

Why is maintaining normal blood sugar important? Consistently high or low blood sugar can lead to a range of health problems:

Diabetes: Chronic hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetes, which can lead to serious complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve damage, and vision loss.
Heart Disease: Uncontrolled blood sugar can damage blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Nerve Damage (Neuropathy): High blood sugar can damage the nerves, causing pain, numbness, and other issues, particularly in the hands and feet.
Kidney Damage (Nephropathy): The kidneys filter waste from the blood, and high blood sugar can damage these filters, leading to kidney disease.
Vision Loss (Retinopathy): High blood sugar can damage the blood vessels in the retina, leading to vision problems and potentially blindness.

Keeping blood sugar within the recommended range helps prevent these complications and ensures that your body functions optimally.

Blood Sugar Chart by Age: Target Ranges

The ideal blood sugar levels vary based on age, time of day (fasting or after meals), and individual health conditions. The following charts provide a general guideline. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations.

Children (Under 18 Years)

Managing blood sugar in children is vital to support their growth and development. Children with diabetes need to be closely monitored to prevent both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, which can affect their cognitive function and overall well-being.

| Measurement | Target Range | Notes | | --------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Fasting Blood Sugar | 70-150 mg/dL (3.9-8.3 mmol/L) | Before breakfast; overnight fast is ideal. | | Before Meals | 70-150 mg/dL (3.9-8.3 mmol/L) | Targets might be more conservative for younger children to prevent hypoglycemia. | | 1-2 Hours After Meals | Less than 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) | Postprandial blood sugar should return to near-fasting levels within a few hours. | | Bedtime | 90-150 mg/dL (5.0-8.3 mmol/L) | To prevent nighttime hypoglycemia. |

Important Considerations for Children:

Frequency of Monitoring: Children with type 1 diabetes may need to check their blood sugar multiple times a day.
Hypoglycemia Awareness: Children and caregivers need to recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., shakiness, sweating, confusion) and know how to treat it quickly.
Diet and Exercise: Maintaining a balanced diet and engaging in regular physical activity are crucial for managing blood sugar in children.

Adults (18-59 Years)

For adults, the target blood sugar ranges are crucial for preventing the onset of type 2 diabetes and managing existing diabetes. Lifestyle factors such as diet, exercise, and stress management play a significant role in maintaining healthy blood sugar levels.

| Measurement | Target Range | Notes | | --------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Fasting Blood Sugar | 70-99 mg/dL (3.9-5.5 mmol/L) | For those without diabetes. | | Fasting Blood Sugar (Diabetes) | 80-130 mg/dL (4.4-7.2 mmol/L) | For those diagnosed with diabetes, as recommended by their healthcare provider. | | Before Meals (Diabetes) | 80-130 mg/dL (4.4-7.2 mmol/L) | Targets set by a healthcare provider. | | 1-2 Hours After Meals | Less than 140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) | For those without diabetes. | | 1-2 Hours After Meals (Diabetes) | Less than 180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) | Targets set by a healthcare provider. | | HbA1c (over 3 months) | Less than 5.7% | For those without diabetes. | | HbA1c (over 3 months, Diabetes) | Less than 7.0% (or as advised by healthcare provider) | A measure of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Target may be adjusted based on individual health status. | High Morning Blood Glucose 5 Reasons Your Blood Sugar Is Spiking

Important Considerations for Adults:

Prediabetes: Adults with fasting blood sugar levels between 100-125 mg/dL may have prediabetes, indicating an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle changes can often prevent or delay the onset of diabetes.
Regular Check-ups: Regular blood sugar screenings are important, especially for individuals with risk factors such as obesity, family history of diabetes, or high blood pressure.

Seniors (60+ Years)

In older adults, maintaining blood sugar levels is crucial for preventing complications and preserving quality of life. However, the targets may be less strict than for younger adults, particularly for those with other health issues. Does Stress Affect Your Blood Sugar The Surprising Connection

Important Considerations for Seniors:

Individualized Targets: Blood sugar targets should be tailored to the individual, considering factors such as overall health, cognitive function, and risk of falls.
Medication Management: Older adults often take multiple medications, which can affect blood sugar levels. Regular medication reviews are important.
Nutritional Support: Adequate nutrition is crucial for maintaining stable blood sugar levels. Consultation with a registered dietitian may be beneficial.
Risk of Hypoglycemia: Seniors are more vulnerable to the dangers of hypoglycemia, so targets are often set higher than for younger adults.

Factors Influencing Blood Sugar Levels

Several factors can affect blood sugar levels, including:

Diet: The types and amounts of food you eat significantly impact blood sugar. Carbohydrates, in particular, raise blood sugar levels.
Physical Activity: Exercise helps lower blood sugar by increasing insulin sensitivity and promoting glucose uptake by cells.
Stress: Stress hormones can raise blood sugar levels.
Medications: Certain medications, such as steroids and some antidepressants, can affect blood sugar levels.
Illness: Illness can cause blood sugar levels to fluctuate.
Sleep: Lack of sleep can affect insulin sensitivity and blood sugar control.
Hydration: Dehydration can raise blood sugar levels.

Understanding these factors can help you manage your blood sugar more effectively.

How to Maintain Healthy Blood Sugar Levels

Maintaining healthy blood sugar levels involves a combination of lifestyle modifications and, in some cases, medication. Here are some key strategies:

Balanced Diet:
- Focus on Whole Foods: Choose whole grains, fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats.
- Limit Processed Foods: Avoid sugary drinks, processed snacks, and foods high in refined carbohydrates.
- Portion Control: Pay attention to portion sizes to avoid overeating.
- Consistent Meal Timing: Eat meals and snacks at consistent times each day to help regulate blood sugar levels.
- Regular Physical Activity:
- Aim for 150 Minutes Per Week: Engage in moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, such as brisk walking, for at least 150 minutes per week. Essential Foods For Better Control Of Blood Glucose Levels
- Incorporate Strength Training: Include strength training exercises at least twice a week to improve insulin sensitivity.
- Monitor Blood Sugar: Check your blood sugar before, during, and after exercise to understand how your body responds.
- Stress Management:
- Practice Relaxation Techniques: Use techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to reduce stress.
- Prioritize Sleep: Aim for 7-8 hours of quality sleep each night.
- Engage in Hobbies: Participate in activities you enjoy to reduce stress and improve overall well-being.
- Regular Monitoring:
- Home Blood Glucose Monitoring: Use a blood glucose meter to check your blood sugar regularly, especially if you have diabetes.
- HbA1c Testing: Get an HbA1c test done by your healthcare provider every 3-6 months to assess your average blood sugar levels over time.
- Medication Adherence:
- Follow Prescriptions: Take diabetes medications as prescribed by your healthcare provider.
- Communicate with Your Doctor: Discuss any side effects or concerns you have about your medications.
- Stay Hydrated:
Drink adequate amounts of water throughout the day to help regulate blood sugar levels.
Regular Check-ups with Your Healthcare Provider:
Schedule routine appointments to monitor your overall health and address any concerns related to blood sugar management.

By implementing these strategies, you can effectively manage your blood sugar levels and reduce your risk of diabetes-related complications.

When to See a Doctor

It's important to consult with a healthcare provider if you experience any of the following symptoms, which could indicate high or low blood sugar:

Symptoms of Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar):

Frequent urination
Excessive thirst
Unexplained weight loss
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections

Symptoms of Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar):

Shakiness
Sweating
Dizziness
Confusion
Irritability
Hunger
Headache
Rapid heartbeat

Additionally, you should see a doctor if you have risk factors for diabetes, such as obesity, family history of diabetes, or high blood pressure. Early detection and management can help prevent serious health complications.

The Role of Technology in Blood Sugar Monitoring

Advancements in technology have made blood sugar monitoring more convenient and accurate. Some of the latest innovations include:

Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) Systems: These devices track blood sugar levels in real-time, providing continuous data to help manage glucose levels effectively. CGMs alert users to high and low blood sugar levels, allowing for timely intervention.
Insulin Pumps: These devices deliver insulin continuously throughout the day, mimicking the body's natural insulin release. Insulin pumps can be programmed to deliver different amounts of insulin based on individual needs.
Smart Glucose Meters: These meters can connect to smartphones and other devices, allowing users to track their blood sugar levels and share data with their healthcare providers.

These technologies can empower individuals to take control of their blood sugar and improve their overall health.

Conclusion

Understanding and maintaining a normal blood sugar level is essential for people of all ages. By following the guidelines in this blood sugar chart and implementing healthy lifestyle habits, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing diabetes and other related health problems. Remember to consult with a healthcare provider for personalized advice and to address any concerns you may have. Regular monitoring, a balanced diet, physical activity, and stress management are key to keeping your blood sugar within the target range and ensuring a healthy, active life.